following the course of TD grammar of Voltaire on the lexicon with some reminiscence of course ^ ^ Momo, typed by me (or servant class but it's less ...)
Maggy
I-LEXICAL MORPHOLOGY
1) Training in diachrony:
- Words hereditary: inherited from an ancient language and having undergone phonetic evolution
Ex: < animam
soul - Words borrowing: the ancient or modern language at Throughout history
Ex: piano < italien
2) Training in synchrony:
- built Tags: internal structure that connects them with plr or other language words → built with 1 or plr morphemes can e set value test "substitution" and that can be replicated in other words => report on their training
Ex: pick up / set down
undo
- simple words: containing a single morpheme
Ex: night
3) Formation of words ending
: mark vbale bending, gender and nb names and adj → eg do-i-ez
Affix: mark the derivation → eg infeasible
Radical: what remains when I remove the affixes and inflections → ex: = infeasible-do-(the radical does is not necessarily a token)
basis: the original word → eg infeasible = "make" (token)
a / Bypass directed relation between a word and a second which is the base
Ex: → impolite polite = base by another adjective suffix
o Derivation affixal: attention to values of affixes! Prefix
§ § § Parasynthétique
Suffix: simultaneous adding a prefix and suffix
Ex: → yoke base = "room"
endocentric: The term derivative belongs to the same grammatical category as its base (the majority of prefixes)
exocentric: change grammatical category between the base and derivative term. O Derivation
not affixal: without adding an affix, derivation of a word to another by simply changing grammatical category (called: improper diversion, conversion, or recategorization transcatégorisation)
Ex: pink = both name and adjective (N> WO = diachrony by metonymy) → Pb
syntactic or morphological? => Need for contxt determined the nature of the word in the sentence.
b / In composition: assumes "formants" autonomous units (morphology) even truncated (Pvent not be a graphics unit)
Eg core meaning rude → → 2
portfolio elements complete words by composition
marks the composition:
- welding: portfolio, tips, vinegar
- hyphen: robin, wallet
- Phrase frozen: potato, couch (the referent changes if we change one element)
RMQ "the scholarly com" words formed from elements borrowed from Greek or Latin
Ex: miso / gyne who does
not / women →
compound word to frçais lexical units from Greek => ≠ inherited from the Greek, they did not exist!
There are compound terms in all grammatical categories
Prep 'against' cons = → = 1 token because I can substitute a word
vbale Phrase: "take wrinkling"
Determiner: "a little of "
pronoun" it "," anyone "
Sentence:" A good cat, good rat "...
N Near learned composition and derivation
Ex:" phile "= forming autonomous (" fact love "), but tjr not added to another Greek element → "cinephile" => "phile" is becoming an affix
II-LEXICAL SEMANTICS
1) Intension / extension: Extension
: all referents designated
Intension: all traits which constitute its Sé
Ex: flower → extension = tulip, pink ...
intension = plant, colorful, consisting of a pistil and stamens ...
2) Denotation / connotation:
Denotation: intension, ie, all semantic features
Connotation: semantic values from second grafted on the denotative meaning:
- register of language
- emotional content of the speaker
- cultural and ideological context of the speaker
Ex: = unmarked police / cop register = pet + pejorative connotation - Ms: mm denotation: official responsible for maintaining order ...
Pb can not tjr opp denotation and connotation => also known as connotation, "semes related"
3) Semantic Relations:
a / Hyperonymy / → hyponymy relation of inclusion: a specific word (Hyponym) binds to a G word (hypernym)
Ex: Flower> Rose plant
> flower
=> Relationship inclusions successive apparel> coats> coat ... → to specify the meaning of a term
b / Synonym: semantic equivalence relation between two words - M: jms exact, it is called quasi synonymy parasynonyms
c / Antonym: adversarial relationship between two terms
- for exclusive disjunction: alive / dead
- without tripping exclusive, when the term denotes a qlté scalable: large / small
- relationship complementation permutation of arguments: husband / wife, teacher / student; own / belong
d / polysemy / homonymy:
wiki: formal identity (or homography homophony) resulting from different etymon
Ex: ape = ape and money
Polysemy: question context (as opposed to monosemic)
Ex: coverage = idea to cover, protect (books, cloth, house ... literally) social protection / social hiding illegal act (figuratively)
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